Networks and Industrial Clusters
نویسندگان
چکیده
It is widely acknowledged that innovation is a key factor for competitiveness and that output growth and productivity depend on the development and diffusion of new technologies (OECD, 1997). However, the innovation process is not linear, but a complex and interactive one, involving business and non-business institutions. Kline and Rosenberg’s (1986) “chain-linked” interactive model is an example of an innovation model that shows its interactive nature. Innovation is not the product of a single inventive actor, but is the result of institutional and organizational interactions. Accounting for its discontinuities and uncertainties, the concept of national innovation systems help understand why technologies develop along certain trajectories. In the study of national innovation systems, the interactions between the several elements that con-
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